APPENDIX-17 EXPENDITURES ON RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT |
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| Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization《Statistical Yearbook》1998. | |||||
| (national currency units) | |||||
| Expenditure | per | Annual Average | |||
| on R & D | Capita | Expenditure | |||
| Country or Territory | Year | as Percentage | Expenditure | per R & D | |
| of GNP | on | Scientist | |||
| (%) | R & D | or Engineer | |||
| United States | (Dollar) | 1996 | 2.5 | 656 | 177 625① |
| Japan | (Yen) | 1994 | 2.9 | 108929 | 17266949 |
| Germany | (Mark) | 1993 | 2.4 | 949 | 333803 |
| United Kingdom | (Pound) | 1993 | 2.2 | 239 | 98779 |
| France | (Franc) | 1994 | 2.4 | 3040 | 1176751 |
| Italy | (Lire) | 1994 | 1.1 | 304230 | 229640765 |
| Canada | (Dollar) | 1995 | 1.6 | 420 | 140 200② |
| Australia | (Dollar) | 1994 | 1.7 | 410 | 129531 |
| Russian Federation | (Rouple) | 1995 | 0.7 | 82442 | 23423353 |
| Czech Rep. | (Koruna) | 1995 | 1.2 | 1358 | 1171563 |
| Poland | (Zloty) | 1995 | 0.7 | 55 | 42441 |
| Hungary | (Forint) | 1995 | 0.8 | 4055 | 3924183 |
| Romania | (Lei) | 1995 | 0.7 | 22442 | 10 652 279③ |
| Bulgaria | (Leva) | 1996 | 1080 | 620161 | |
| Yugoslavia F.R. | (New dinar) | 1995 | 43912 | ||
| India | (Rupee) | 1994 | 0.8 | 74 | 499 697④ |
| Indonesia | (Rupiah) | 1995 | 0.1 | 2156 | 8 092 983⑤ |
| Philippines | (Peso) | 1992 | 0.2① | 46 | 295236 |
| Thailand | (Baht) | 1995 | 0.1 | 89 | 749999 |
| Malaysia | (Ringgit) | 1992 | 0.4 | 29 | 337231 |
| Singapore | (Dollar) | 1995 | 1.1 | 484 | 177592 |
| Pakistan | (Rupee) | 1987 | 0.9 | 51 | 840 050④ |
| Turkey | (Lira) | 1995 | 0.6 | 485584 | 1864321748 |
| Korea,Rep. | (Won) | 1994 | 2.8 | 117159 | 67197334 |
| Egypt | (Pound) | 1995 | 0.5 | 14 | 36 164⑥ |
| Nigeria | (Naira) | 1987 | 0.1 | 1 | 64477 |
| Mexico | (New peso) | 1995 | 0.4 | 62 | 292642 |
| Brazil | (Cruzeiro) | 1995 | 0.6 | 23 | 139639 |
| Argentina | (Austral) | 1995 | 0.4 | 30 | 44914 |
| ①Data refer to 1995.②Data refer to 1989.③Data refer to 1994.④Estimate.⑤Data refer to 1988.⑥Data refer to 1991. | |||||