| Appendix-17 Expenditures on Research and Experimental Development | |||||
| (national currency units) | |||||
| Country or Territory | as | Per | Annual | ||
| Year | Percentage | Capita | Average | ||
| of | Expenditure | Expenditure | |||
| GNP | on | per | |||
| Research | Research | ||||
| and | and | ||||
| Development | Development | ||||
| Scientist | |||||
| or | |||||
| (%) | Engineer | ||||
| USA | (Dollar) | 1996 | 2.64 | 720 | 177 625① |
| Japan | (Yen) | 1996 | 2.80 | 112 549 | 22 928 184 |
| Germany | (Mark) | 1997 | 2.41 | 1 061 | 344 051① |
| United Kingdom | (Pound) | 1996 | 1.95 | 246 | 100 278 |
| France | (Franc) | 1997 | 2.25 | 3 140 | 1 184 090① |
| Italy | (Lire) | 1997 | 2.21 | 358 271 | 236 495 195① |
| Canada | (Dollar) | 1997 | 1.66 | 446 | 154 838① |
| Australia | (Dollar) | 1996 | 1.80 | 480 | 142 768 |
| Russian Federation | (Rouple) | 1996 | 0.88 | 131 150 | 34 504 406 |
| Czech Rep. | (Koruna) | 1997 | 1.20 | 1 891 | 1 548 283 |
| Poland | (Zloty) | 1996 | 0.77 | 72 | 52 625 |
| Hungary | (Forint) | 1996 | 0.68 | 4 404 | 4 312 971 |
| Romania | (Lei) | 1995 | 0.72 | 22 442 | 10 652 279③ |
| Bulgaria | (Leva) | 1996 | 0.57 | 1 083 | 620 162 |
| Yugoslavia F.R. | (New dinar) | 1995 | 43 912 | ||
| India | (Rupee) | 1994 | 0.73 | 75 | 499 698 |
| Indonesia | (Rupiah) | 1995 | 0.10 | 2 156 | 8 092 983⑤ |
| Philippines | (Peso) | 1992 | 0.22① | 47 | 295 236 |
| Thailand | (Baht) | 1996 | 0.13 | 94 | 915 558 |
| Malaysia | (Ringgit) | 1996 | 0.24 | 27 | 290 069 |
| Singapore | (Dollar) | 1995 | 1.13 | 412 | 177 592 |
| Pakistan | (Rupee) | 1987 | 0.92 | 51 | 840 050④ |
| Turkey | (Lira) | 1996 | 0.45 | 1 070 526 | 3 688 259 065 |
| Korea,Rep.of | (Won) | 1996 | 2.82 | 239 896 | 109 400 803 |
| Egypt | (Pound) | 1996 | 0.22 | 8 | 36 164② |
| Nigeria | (Naira) | 1987 | 0.09 | 2 | 75 809 |
| Mexico | (New peso) | 1995 | 0.33 | 63 | 292 645 |
| Brazil | (Reai) | 1995 | 0.84 | 33 | 194 140 |
| Argentina | (Peso) | 1995 | 0.38 | 30 | 44 914 |
| Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization《Statistical Yearbook》1999. | |||||
| ①Data refer to 1995. ②Data refer to 1991. ③Data refer to 1994. ④Estimate. ⑤Data refer to 1988. | |||||