Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industry refers to the material production sector
which is engaged in extraction of natural resources and processing and
reprocessing of minerals and agricultural products, including (1) extraction of
natural resources, such as mining, salt production, logging (but not including
hunting and fishing); (2) processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline
produces, such as rice husking, flour milling, wine making, oil pressing,
cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3)
manufacture of industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting,
chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine building, timber
processing; water and gas production and electricity generation and supply;
(4)repairing of industrial products such as the repairing of machinery and
means of transport (including cars).
In industrial statistics surveys, the units of enquiry are corporate
industrial enterprises with independent accounting systems.
The statistical range of the data: From 1998 to 2006 including all the
state-owned Industrial Enterprises, and Non-state-owned Industrial Enterprises
with main business income of 5 million yuan and above.
From 2007 to 2010 including the industrial enterprises with annual
main business income of 5 million yuan and above (Industrial
Enterprises above Designated Size). From 2011 including the industrial
enterprises with annual main business income above 20 million yuan (Industrial Enterprises above
Designated Size).
State-owned and
State-holding Enterprises refer to state-owned
enterprises plus State-holding enterprises. State-owned enterprises (originally
known as State-run enterprises with ownership by the whole society) are
non-corporate economic entities registered in accordance with the Regulation of
the People’s Republic of
For explanation of enterprises of other types of registration covered in
this chapter, please refer to General Survey.
Light Industry refers to
the industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It consists of two
categories, depending on the materials used:
(1) Industries using farm products as raw materials. These
are branches of light industry which directly or indirectly use farm products
as basic raw materials, including the manufacture of food and beverages,
tobacco processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper
making, printing, etc.
(2) Industries using non farm products as raw materials.
These are branches of light industry which use manufactured goods as raw
materials, including the manufacture of cultural, educational articles and
sports goods, chemicals, synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass
products for daily use, metal products for daily use, hand tools, medical
apparatus and instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical
machinery.
Heavy Industry refers to
the industry, which produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the
national economy with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of
the following three branches according to the purpose of production or the use
of products:
(1)Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to the
industry that extracts natural resources, including extraction of petroleum,
coal, metal and non-metal ores and logging.
(2) Raw materials industry refers to the industry that
provides various sectors of the national economy with raw materials, fuels and
power. It includes smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke
chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as cement, plywood,
and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.
(3) Manufacturing industry refers to the industry that
processes raw materials. It includes machine-building industry, which equips
sectors of the national economy, industries of metal structure and cement
products, industries producing means of agricultural production, such as
chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
According to the above principle of classification, the
repairing trades which are engaged primarily in repairing products of heavy
industry are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in repairing
products of light industry are classified into light industry.
Gross Industrial
Output Value is the
total volume of final industrial products produced and industrial services
provided during a given period in monetary terms. It reflects the total
achievements and overall scale of industrial production during a given period.
Principles for calculation:
(1) Statistics on industrial production follow the principle
that all final industrial products produced and industrial services provided
during the reference period are to be included. The final industrial products
are included as long as being produced during the reference period, no matter
whether they are sold or not during the reference period. The gross industrial
output value will not cover those products that are not from industrial
production.
(2)Determination of final products follows the principle that
all products that are included in the calculation of gross industrial output
value are the final products of the enterprise which have been accepted through
quality check and require no further processing. The intermediate products sold
by enterprises are considered as the final products of the enterprise and
counted into the gross industrial output value. However, for the intermediate
products being transferred among workshops and the work-in-progress products, only
the balance value from the beginning to the end of the period is calculated.
(3)Gross industrial output value is calculated following the
principle of factory approach, i.e. industrial enterprise with legal entity is
used as a whole in calculating the gross industrial output value, which will
cover the total value of final industrial products produced and industrial
services provided by these enterprises during the reference period.
Value-added of Industry refers to the final
results of industrial production of industrial enterprises in money terms
during the reference period.
Industrial value-added can be calculated by two approaches: the
production approach, i.e. gross industrial output value minus intermediate
input plus value-added tax, and the income approach, i.e. income for various
factors used in the course of production, including depreciation of fixed
assets, remuneration of labourers, net of production
tax, and operating surplus. Value-added of industry in the Yearbook is
calculated by production approach as following:
Value-added of industry = gross industrial output –
industrial intermediate input + value-added tax
Total Assets refer to
all resources that are owned or controlled by enterprises through previous
trades or transactions with expectation of making economic profits. Classified
by the degree of liquidity, total assets include current assets, and
non-current assets. Current assets can be classified into monetary assets,
trading financial assets, notes receivable, accounts receivable, advanced
payments, other prepaid money and inventories. Non-current assets can be
divided into long-term equity investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and
other non-current assets. Data on this indicator can be obtained by the
year-end figures of total assets in the Assets
and Liability Table of accounting records of enterprises.
Total of Working Capitals refer to the assets that meet one of the
following requirements: (1) expected to be cashed, sold or used in a normal
operation cycle, mainly including inventory and accounts receivable; (2) be
owned for trading purpose mainly; (3) expected to be cashed in one year
(including one year) from the day of the Assets
and Liability Table; (4) unlimited cash or cash equivalents that can be
exchanged with other assets or being capable of settling debts during one year
since the day of Assets and Liability
Table. Included are monetary assets, notes receivable, accounts receivable
and inventories. Data on this indicator can be obtained by the year-end figures
of total current assets in the Assets and
Liability Table of the accounting records of enterprises.
Original Value
of Fixed Assets refers
to the cost of fixed assets, or the total expenditure of an enterprise spent on
certain fixed assets, through purchase, construction, installation,
transformation, expansion or technical upgrading. It is reported according to
the year-end debit balance of fixed assets of accounting records.
Total Liabilities refer to payable
liabilities of enterprises that accumulated from previous trades or
transactions with expectation of economic profits leaking out. In terms of
payment, it can be divided into liquid liabilities and long-term liabilities.
Data on this item is obtained from the year-end figures on total liabilities from
the Assets and Liability Table of the accounting record of the enterprises.
Owner’s Equity refers to the residual ownership of enterprise investors by
deducting total liabilities from the total assets, including the paid-in
capital, accumulation of capital, operating surplus and non-distributed
profits. Data are obtained from the year-end figures on “total equity” from the
Assets and Liability Table of the accounting record of enterprise.
Revenue from Principal Business refers to the annual
accumulation of the corresponding item in the “profit table” of the accountant.
For enterprises that do not follow the 2001 Enterprise Accounting Standards,
the year-end accumulation of revenue from the sales of products is used as a
substitute.
Total Profits refers to the
operation results in a certain accounting period, and it is the balance of
various incomes minus various spending in the course of operation, reflecting
the total profits and losses of enterprises in reporting period. Data are
obtained from the amount of “total profits” in the “profit table” of the
accounting record of enterprise.
Ratio of Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average Assets reflects the
profit-making capability of all assets of the enterprise and is a key indicator
manifesting the performance and management and
evaluating the profit-making potential of the enterprise. It is calculated as
follows:
Ratio of profits, taxes and interests to average as sets (%)
=[(total profits + total taxes + interest payment) / average assets ]× 100%
In the above formula, total taxes is the sum of tax and extra
charges from principal business and value-added tax payable; and average assets is the arithmetic mean of the sum of
beginning assets and ending assets.
Ratio of Debts to Assets reflects both
the operation risk and the capability of the enterprise in making use of the
capital from the creditors. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of debts to assets (%) = (total debts / total assets)×100%
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to
the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in the same
period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated
as follows:
Ratio of profits to total industrial cost (%)=(total profits/total cost s)× 100%
Turnover of Working Capital refers to
the number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of time, which
reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital of industrial
enterprises, and is calculated as follows:
Turnover of working capital=(main business
income)/( average balance of total current assets)
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value
reflects the
degree at which industrial products are sold. It helps to analyze the linkage
between production and sales and the extent of the needs of the society that
has been met by the supply of industrial products. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value=[Industrial
sales /Gross industrial output value]× 100%