主要统计指标解释
财政收入 指国家财政参与社会产品分配所取得的收入,是实现国家职能的财力保证。主要包括:
(1)各项税收:包括国内增值税、国内消费税、进口货物增值税和消费税、出口货物退增值税和消费税、营业税、企业所得税、个人所得税、资源税、城市维护建设税、房产税、印花税、城镇土地使用税、土地增值税、车船税、船舶吨税、车辆购置税、关税、耕地占用税、契税、烟叶税等。
(2)非税收入:包括专项收入、行政事业性收费、罚没收入和其他收入。
财政支出 国家财政将筹集起来的资金进行分配使用,以满足经济建设和各项事业的需要。主要包括:
(1)一般公共服务:指政府提供基本公共管理与服务的支出,包括人大事务、政协事务、政府办公厅(室)及相关机构事务、发展与改革事务、统计信息事务、财政事务、税收事务、审计事务、海关事务、人力资源事务、纪检监察事务、人口与计划生育事务、商贸事务、知识产权事务、工商行政管理事务、国土资源事务、海洋管理事务、测绘事务、地震事务、气象事务、民族事务、宗教事务、港澳台侨事务、档案事务、共产党事务、民主党派事务及工商联事务、群众团体事务、彩票事务等。
(2)外交:指政府外交事务支出,包括外交行政管理、驻外机构、对外援助、国际组织、对外合作与交流、边界勘界联检等方面的支出。
(3)国防:指政府用于国防方面的支出,包括用于现役部队、预备役部队、民兵、国防科研事业、专项工程、国防动员等方面的支出。
(4)公共安全:指政府维护社会公共安全方面的支出,包括武装警察、公安、国家安全、检察、法院、司法行政、监狱、劳教、国家保密、缉私警察等。
(5)教育:指政府教育事务支出,包括教育行政管理、学前教育、小学教育、初中教育、普通高中教育、普通高等教育、初等职业教育、中专教育、技校教育、职业高中教育、高等职业教育、广播电视教育、留学生教育、特殊教育、干部继续教育、教育机关服务等。
(6)科学技术:指用于科学技术方面的支出,包括科学技术管理事务、基础研究、应用研究、技术研究与开发、科技条件与服务、社会科学、科学技术普及、科技交流与合作等。
(7)文化教育与传媒:指政府在文化、文物、体育、广播影视、新闻出版等方面的支出。
(8)社会保障和就业:指政府在社会保障与就业方面的支出,包括社会保障和就业管理事务、民政管理事务、财政对社会保险基金的补助、补充全国社会保障基金、行政事业单位离退休、企业改革补助、就业补助、抚恤、退役安置、社会福利、残疾人事业、城市居民最低生活保障、其他城镇社会救济、农村社会救济、自然灾害生活救助、红十字事务等。
(9)医疗卫生:指政府医疗卫生方面的支出,包括医疗卫生管理事务支出、医疗服务支出、医疗保障支出、疾病预防控制支出、卫生监督支出、妇幼保健支出、农村卫生支出等。
(10)环境保护:指政府环境保护支出,包括环境保护管理事务支出、环境监测与监察支出、污染治理支出、自然生态保护支出、天然林保护工程支出、退耕还林支出、风沙荒漠治理支出、退牧还草支出、已垦草原退耕还草、能源节约利用、污染减排、可再生能源和资源综合利用等支出。
(11)城乡社区事务:指政府城乡社区事务支出,包括城乡社区管理事务支出、城乡社区规划与管理支出、城乡社区公共设施支出、城乡社区住宅支出、城乡社区环境卫生支出、建设市场管理与监督支出等。
(12)农林水事务:指政府农林水事务支出,包括农业支出、林业支出、水利支出、扶贫支出、农业综合开发支出等。
(13)交通运输:指政府交通运输和邮政业方面的支出,包括公路运输支出、水路运输支出、铁路运输支出、民用航空运输支出、邮政业支出等。
(14)工业商业金融等事务:指政府对工业、商业及金融等方面的支出,包括采掘业支出、制造业支出、建筑业支出、工业和信息产业监管支出、国有资产监管支出、商业流通事务支出、金融业监管支出、旅游业管理与服务支出等。
中央财政收入和地方财政收入
指按现行分税制财政体制划分的中央本级收入和地方本级收入。属于中央财政的收入包括关税,进口货物增值税和消费税,出口货物退增值税和消费税,消费税,铁道部门、各银行总行、各保险公司总公司等集中交纳的营业税和城市维护建设税,增值税75%部分,纳入共享范围的企业所得税60%部分,未纳入共享范围的中央企业所得税、中央企业上交的利润,个人所得税60%部分,车辆购置税,船舶吨税,证券交易印花税97%部分,海洋石油资源税,中央非税收入等。属于地方财政的收入包括营业税(不含铁道部门、各银行总行、各保险公司总公司集中交纳的营业税),地方企业上交利润,城市维护建设税(不含铁道部门、各银行总行、各保险公司总公司集中交纳的部分),房产税,城镇土地使用税,土地增值税,车船税,耕地占用税,契税,烟叶税,印花税,增值税25%部分,纳入共享范围的企业所得税40%部分,个人所得税40%部分,证券交易印花税3%部分,海洋石油资源税以外的其他资源税,地方非税收入等。
中央财政支出和地方财政支出 指根据政府在经济和社会活动中的不同职责,划分中央和地方政府的责权,按照政府的责权划分确定的支出。中央财政支出包括一般公共服务,外交支出,国防支出,公共安全支出,以及中央政府调整国民经济结构、协调地区发展、实施宏观调控的支出等。地方财政支出包括一般公共服务,公共安全支出,地方统筹的各项社会事业支出等。
商品零售价格指数 是反映一定时期内城乡商品零售价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。商品零售价格的变动直接影响到城乡居民的生活支出和国家的财政收入,影响居民购买力和市场供需平衡,影响到消费与积累的比例关系。因此,该指数可以从一个侧面对上述经济活动进行观察和分析。
农业生产资料价格指数 指反映一定时期内农业生产资料价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。其编制目的是了解农业生产中物质资料投入价格的变动状况,服务于国民经济核算。1994年以前,农业生产资料价格指数仅仅是商品零售价格指数的一个类别,此后,从商品零售价格指数中分离出来,单独编制。
居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内城乡居民所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数,是对城市居民消费价格指数和农村居民消费价格指数进行综合汇总计算的结果。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对城乡居民实际生活费支出的影响程度。
城市居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内城市居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对城镇职工货币工资的影响,作为研究职工生活和确定工资政策的依据。
农村居民消费价格指数
是反映一定时期内农村居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察农村消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对农村居民生活消费支出的影响,直接反映农村居民生活水平的实际变化情况,为分析和研究农村居民生活问题提供依据。
工业品出厂价格指数 是反映一定时期内全部工业产品出厂价格总水平的变动趋势和程度的相对数,包括工业企业售给本企业以外所有单位的各种产品和直接售给居民用于生活消费的产品。该指数可以能观察出厂价格变动对工业总产值及增加值的影响。
房地产价格指数 是反映一定时期内房地产价格变动趋势和程度的相对数,包括房屋销售价格指数、房屋租赁价格指数、土地交易价格指数和物业管理价格指数。这四套指数的计算方法相似,均采用由下到上逐级汇总的方法。
Government Revenue refers to income for the government finance
through participating in the distribution of social products. It is the
financial guarantee to ensure government functioning. The contents of
government revenue include the following main items:
(1) Various tax revenues, including domestic value added tax (VAT),
domestic consumption tax, VAT and consumption tax from imports, VAT and
consumption tax rebate for exports, business tax, corporate income tax,
individual income tax, resource tax, city maintenance and construct tax, house
property tax, stamp tax, urban land use tax, land appreciation tax, tax on
vehicles and boat operation, ship tonnage tax, vehicle purchase tax, tariffs,
farm land occupation tax, deed tax, and tobacco leaf tax, etc.
(2) Non-tax revenue, including special program receipts, charge of
administrative and institutional units, penalty receipts and others non-tax
receipts.
Government Expenditure
refers to the distribution and use of the funds which the government
finance has raised, so as to meet the needs of economic construction and
various causes. It includes the following main items:
(1) Expenditure for general public services: It refers to the spending
on the basic public management and services which provided by governments,
including the expense on affairs of People’s Congress, affairs of People’s
Political Consultative Conference, affairs of government general office and
relative institutions, affairs of
development and reform, affairs of statistics, affairs of finance, affairs of
taxation, affairs of audit, affairs of customs, affairs of human resources and
social security, affairs of discipline inspection and supervision, affairs of
population and family planning, affairs of commerce and trade, affairs of
intellectual property, affairs of administration for industry and commerce,
affairs of land and resources, affairs of oceanic administration, affairs of surveying and mapping,
affairs of earthquake, ethnic
affairs, religious affairs, affairs of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Overseas
Chinese, affairs of archives administration, affairs of Chinese Communist
Party, affairs of democratic parties and federation of industry and commerce, affairs of mass organization, and
affairs of lottery, etc.
(2) Expenditure for foreign affairs: It refers to the spending of
government on foreign affairs, including the expense on administration of
foreign affairs, missions overseas, external assistance, international
organizations, foreign cooperation and communication, surveying and joint
inspection on borderline, etc.
(3) Expenditure for national defence: It refers to the spending of
government on national defence, including the expense on active force, reserve
force, militia, scientific research on
national defence, special projects, mobilization of national defence, etc.
(4) Expenditure for public security: It refers to the spending of
government on maintaining social and public security, including the expense on
armed police force, public security, state security, prosecution, courts,
justice, prison, labour education and rehabilitation, protection of state
secrecy, anti-smuggling police, etc.
(5) Expenditure for education: It refers to the spending of government
on education, including the expense on the administration of education,
pre-primary education, primary education, secondary education, high school
education, regular higher education, primary vocational education, secondary
vocational education, technical school education, vocational high school
education and higher vocational education, radio and television education,
student abroad education, special education, on the job training of cadres,
education authorities services, etc.
(6) Expenditure for science and technology: It refers to the spending of
government on science and technology (S&T), including the expense on the
administration of S&T, basic research, applied research, research and
development, conditions and services of S&T, popularization of social science,
science and technology, exchanges and cooperation of S&T, etc.
(7) Expenditure for culture, sport and media: It refers to the spending
of government on culture, cultural heritage, sports, radio, film, television,
press and publication, etc.
(8) Expenditure for social safety net and employment effort: It refers
to the spending of government on social safety net and employment, including
the expense on administration of social safety net and employment, civil
affairs, budgetary subsidy on the social insurance funds, subsidy
on National
Social Security Fund, retirees of administrative units and institutions, subsidy on enterprise
reform, subsidy on employment effort, pension, placement of ex-serviceman,
social welfare, the handicapped undertakings, the system of cost of living
allowances for urban residents, other urban social relief, rural social relief,
living relief of natural disasters, affairs of Red Cross Society, etc.
(9) Expenditure for medical and health care: It refers to the spending
of government on medical and health care, including the expense on
administration of medical and health care, medical services, health care,
disease prevention and control, health inspection and supervision, women and
children's health, rural health care, etc.
(10) Expenditure for environment protection: It refers to the spending
of government on environment protection, including the expense on
administration of environment protection, environment monitoring and
supervision, pollution control, natural ecology protection, project of virgin forests protection, reforesting farmland,
controlling the sources of dust storms, returning pastureland to
grassland, returning pastureland to grassland, returning cultivated land to
grassland, energy conservation, emissions reduction, comprehensive utilization of renewable energy and
resources, etc.
(11) Expenditure for urban and rural community affairs: It refers to the
spending of government on urban and rural community affairs, including the
expense on administration of urban and rural community, planning and management
of urban and rural community, public facilities of urban and rural community,
housing of urban and rural community, sanitation of urban and rural community,
management and supervision on the construction market, etc.
(12) Expenditure for agriculture, forestry and water conservancy: It
refers to the spending of government on agriculture, forestry and water
conservancy, including the expense on agriculture, forestry, water conservancy,
poverty alleviation, comprehensive agricultural development, etc.
(13) Expenditure for transportation: It refers to the spending of
government on transportation and postal services, including the expense on road
transportation, waterway transportation, railway transportation, civil aviation
transportation, and postal services.
(14) Expenditure for industry, commerce and banking: It refers to the
spending of government on industry, commerce and banking, including the expense
on mining, manufacturing, construction, industry and information technology
supervision and administration, State-owned assets supervision and
administration, commerce and circulation affairs, financial intermediation
supervision and administration, tourism administration and service, etc.
Revenue of the Central Government and Revenue of the Local Governments refers to the
revenue collected by the Central Government and that by the local governments
as defined by the decentralized taxation system. In accordance with this
system, the revenue of the Central Government includes tariff, VAT and
consumption tax from imports, VAT and consumption tax rebate for exports,
consumption tax, business tax and city maintenance and construct tax from the
Ministry of Railways, head offices of banks, head offices of insurance company,
which are handed over to the government in a centralized way, 75% of the value
added tax, 60% the share part of the corporate income tax, unshared part of
corporate income tax of the central enterprises, profit handed in by the
central enterprises, 60% of individual income tax, vehicle purchase tax, ship
tonnage tax, 97% of stamp tax on securities transactions, resource tax on the offshore petroleum
resources. The revenue of the local governments includes business tax
(excluding the part of the Ministry of Railways, head offices of banks, head
offices of insurance company, which are handed over to the government in a
centralized way), profit handed in by the local enterprises, city maintenance
and construct tax (excluding the part of the Ministry of Railways, head offices
of banks, head offices of insurance company, which are handed over to the
government in a centralized way), house property tax, urban land use tax, land
appreciation tax, tax on vehicles and boat operation, farm land occupation tax,
deed tax, and tobacco leaf tax, stamp tax, 25% of the value added tax, 40% the
share part of the corporate income tax, 40% of individual income tax, 3% of
stamp tax on securities
transactions, resource tax other than the tax on offshore petroleum resources, local
non-tax revenue, etc.
Expenditure of the Central Government and Expenditure of the Local
Governments according to the different functions of
the Central Government and local governments in economic and social activities,
the rights of affairs administration are demarcated between those of the
Central Government and those of local governments; and the classification of
the expenditure between the Central Government and local governments are made
on the basis of the classification of the rights of affairs administration
between them. The expenditure of the Central Government includes the
expenditure for general public services, expenditure for foreign affairs,
expenditure for public security, and the expenditure of the Central Government
for adjusting the national economic structure; coordinating the development
among different regions; and exercising macroeconomic regulation. The
expenditure of the local governments includes mainly the expenditure for
general public services, expenditure for public security, and expenditures for
social development which are planed by local governments, etc.
Retail Price
Index reflects the trend and degree of change in retail prices of
commodities during a given period. The change in retail prices of commodities
directly affect the living expenditure of urban and rural residents, government
revenue, purchasing power of residents and the equilibrium of market supply and
demand, and the ratio of consumption to accumulation. Therefore, the retail
price indices are useful to analyze the changes of the above economic
activities.
Price Indices for
Means of Agricultural Production reflect the trend and degree of changes in the prices of the means of
agricultural production during a given period. Compilation of these indices
helps to understand the changes in prices of input into agricultural production
and facilitate the compilation of national accounts statistics. Before 1994,
price indices for means of agricultural production were a sub-category in the
retail price indices for commodities, and it has been compiled separately since
1994.
Consumer Price Index reflects
the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services
purchased by urban and rural residents, and is a composite indices derived from
the urban consumer price indices and the rural consumer price indices. Consumer
price indices can be used to analyze the impact of consumer price change on
actual expenditure for living cost of urban and rural residents.
Urban Consumer Price Index reflects
the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services
purchased by urban households during a given period. It can be used to observe
and analyze the impact of price changes in consumer goods and services on wages
(in monetary terms) of urban staff and workers, and provide basis for
policy-making concerning the living cost and wages of staff and workers.
Rural Consumer
Price Index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of
consumer goods and services purchased by rural households during a given
period. It can be used to observe the impact of change in retail prices of
consumer goods and service prices in rural areas on living expenditure of rural
households, and to show the changes in the living standard of peasants. It
provides basis for analysis and research on condition of life in rural areas.
Ex-factory
Price Index of Industrial Products reflects the trend and degree of changes in general ex-factory
prices of all industrial products during a given period, including sales of
industrial products by an industrial enterprise to all units outside the
enterprise, as well as sales of consumer goods to residents. It can be used to
analyze the impact of ex-factory prices on gross output value and value-added
of the industrial sector.
Price Indices for Real
Estate reflect the trend
and degree of changes in prices of real estate during a given period, including
sale price indices for houses, price indices for renting houses, price indices
for land transactions and price indices for management of properties. The
methods for the compilation of these four sets of indices are similar in that
they all use the bottom-up approach under which data are reported from lower
level to higher level.