主要统计指标解释
全社会固定资产投资 以货币形式表现的在一定时期内全社会建造和购置固定资产的工作量以及与此有关的费用的总称。该指标是反映固定资产投资规模、结构和发展速度的综合性指标,又是观察工程进度和考核投资效果的重要依据。全社会固定资产投资按登记注册类型可分为国有、集体、个体、联营、股份制、外商、港澳台商、其他等。
城镇固定资产投资 指城镇各种登记注册类型的企业、事业、行政单位及个体户进行的计划总投资50万元及50万元以上的建设项目投资和房地产开发投资。县城及以上区域内发生的投资,县及县以上各级政府及主管部门直接领导、管理的建设项目和企业事业单位的投资均为城镇固定资产投资。
房地产开发投资
指各种登记注册类型的房地产开发公司、商品房建设公司及其他房地产开发法人单位和附属于其他法人单位实际从事房地产开发或经营活动的单位统一开发的包括统代建、拆迁还建的住宅、厂房、仓库、饭店、宾馆、度假村、写字楼、办公楼等房屋建筑物和配套的服务设施,土地开发工程(如道路、给水、排水、供电、供热、通讯、平整场地等基础设施工程)的投资;不包括单纯的土地交易活动。
固定资产投资的资金来源
根据固定资产投资的资金来源不同,分为国家预算内资金、国内贷款、利用外资、自筹资金和其他资金。
(1)国家预算内资金:分为财政拨款和财政安排的贷款两部分。包括中央财政的基本建设基金(分经营性基金和非经营性基金两部分)、专项支出(如煤代油专项等)、收回再贷、贴息资金,财政安排的挖潜改造和新产品试制支出、城建支出、商业部门简易建筑支出、不发达地区发展基金等资金中用于固定资产投资的资金;地方财政中由国家统筹安排的资金等。
(2)国内贷款:指报告期固定资产投资单位向银行及非银行金融机构借入的用于固定资产投资的各种国内借款,包括银行利用自有资金及吸收的存款发放的贷款、上级主管部门拨入的国内贷款、国家专项贷款、地方财政专项资金安排的贷款、国内储备贷款、周转贷款等。
(3)利用外资:指报告期收到的用于固定资产建造和购置的国外资金(包括设备、材料、技术在内)。包括对外借款(外国政府、国际金融组织贷款、出口信贷、外国银行商业贷款、对外发行债券和股票)、外商直接投资及外商其他投资。不包括我国自有外汇资金(国家外汇、地方外汇、留成外汇、调剂外汇和中国银行自有资金发行的外汇贷款等)。计算利用外资时,需要折算成人民币,折算中所使用的外汇汇率按现汇计算,即按使用外汇时的汇率计算。
(4)自筹资金:指固定资产投资单位报告期收到的,由各地区、各部门及企、事业单位筹集用于固定资产投资的预算外资金,包括中央各部门、各级地方和企、事业单位的自筹资金。
(5)其他资金:指在报告期收到的除以上各种资金之外其他用于固定资产投资的资金,包括企业或金融机构通过发行各种债券筹集到的资金、群众集资、个人资金、无偿捐赠的资金及其他单位拨入的资金等。
固定资产投资按国民经济行业分 根据建设项目建成投产后的主要产品或主要用途及社会经济活动性质来确定国民经济行业。一般情况下,一个建设项目或一个企业、事业单位只能属于一种国民经济行业。
固定资产投资按隶属关系分 是按建设单位或企业、事业、行政单位的主管上级机关确定的。
(1)中央:是指中共中央、人大常委会和国务院各部、委、局、总公司以及直属机构直接领导的建设项目和企业、事业、行政单位。这些单位的固定资产投资计划由国务院各部门直接编制和下达,建设中所需物资、主要设备以及建设中的问题都由中央有关部门安排和解决。
(2)地方:是由省(自治区、直辖市)、地区(州、盟、省辖市)、县(旗、县级市)三级政府及业务主管部门直接领导和管理的建设项目、企业、事业、行政单位。地方项目还包括不隶属以上各级政府及主管部门的建设项目和企业、事业单位,如外商投资企业和无主管部门的企业等。
固定资产投资按建设性质分
建设项目的性质一般分为新建、扩建、改建和技术改造、迁建、恢复。房地产开发单位、农村投资、城镇工矿区私人建房投资不划分建设性质。
(1)新建:一般指从无到有开始建设的企业、事业和行政单位或建设项目。现有企业、事业、行政单位一般不属于新建。但如有的单位原有基础很小,经过建设后新增的固定资产价值超过该企、事业、行政单位原有固定资产价值(原值)三倍以上的也应作为新建。
(2)扩建:一般是指在厂内或其他地点,为扩大原有产品的生产能力(或效益)或增加新的产品生产能力,而增建主要的生产车间(或主要工程)、分厂、独立的生产线。行政、事业单位在原单位增建业务用房(如学校增建教学用房、医院增建门诊部、病房等)也作为扩建。
现有企、事业单位为扩大原有主要产品生产能力或增加新的产品生产能力,增建一个或几个主要生产车间(或主要工程)、分厂,同时进行一些更新改造工程的,也应作为扩建。
(3) 改建和技术改造:指现有企业、事业单位,对原有设施进行技术改造或更新(包括相应配套的辅助性生产、生活福利设施) 的建设项目。现有企业、事业单位为适应市场变化的需要,而改变企业的主要产品种类(如军工企业转产民用品等) 的建设项目,应作为改建。原有产品生产作业线由于各工序(车间)之间能力不平衡,为填平补齐充分发挥原有生产能力而增建不增加本企业主要产品设计能力的车间,也应作为改建。技术改造是指企业、事业单位在现有基础上,用先进的技术代替落后的技术,用先进的工艺和装备代替落后的工艺和装备,以改变企业落后的技术经济面貌,实现以内涵为主的扩大再生产,达到提高产品质量、促进产品更新换代、节约能源、降低消耗、扩大生产规模、全面提高社会经济效益的目的。技术改造具体包括以下内容:机器设备和工具的更新改造;生产工艺改革、节约能源和原材料的改造;厂房建筑和公共设施的改造;劳动条件和生产环境的改造等。
固定资产投资按构成分
固定资产投资活动按其工作内容和实现方式分为建筑安装工程,设备、工具、器具购置,其他费用三个部分。
(1)建筑安装工程(建筑安装工作量):指各种房屋、建筑物的建造工程和各种设备、装置的安装工程。包括各种房屋建造工程;各种用途设备基础和各种工业窑炉的砌筑工程及金属结构工程;为施工而进行的各种准备工作和临时工程以及完工后的清理工作等;铁路、道路的铺设,矿井的开凿及石油管道的架设等;水利工程;防空地下建筑等特殊工程;列入房屋工程预算内的暖气、卫生、通风、照明、煤气等设备的价值及装设油饰工程; 列入建筑工程预算内的各种管道(蒸汽、压缩空气、石油、给排水等管道)、电力、电讯电缆导线等的敷设工程;以及各种机械设备的安装工程;为测定安装工程质量,对设备进行的试运工作;房地产开发单位进行的商品房屋开发建设工程、土地开发工程。在安装工程中,不包括被安装设备本身的价值。
(2)设备、工具、器具购置:指建设单位或企、事业单位购置或自制的,达到固定资产标准的设备、工具、器具的价值。新建单位及扩建单位的新建车间,按照设计和计划要求购置或自制的全部设备、工具、器具,不论是否达到固定资产标准均计入“设备、工具、器具购置”中。
(3)其他费用:指在固定资产建造和购置过程中发生的,除上述几项内容以外的各种应分摊计入固定资产的费用。
施工项目 指报告期内进行过建筑或安装工程施工活动的项目。凡是报告期内施过工的建设项目,不论施工时间长短,均作为施工项目统计。施工项目个数可以反映一定时期固定资产投资的实际规模,与同期建成投产的建设项目个数相比,可以从建设速度的角度反映固定资产投资的效果。根据建设项目施工活动的不同性质,施工项目又分为: 本年正式施工项目、本年收尾项目和以前年度全部停缓建项目。
全部建成投产项目 工业项目是指设计文件规定形成生产能力的主体工程及其相应配套的辅助设施全部建成,经负荷试运转,证明具备生产设计规定合格产品的条件,并经过验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,与生产性工程配套的生活福利设施可以满足近期正常生产的需要,正式移交生产的建设项目。非工业项目是指设计文件规定的主体工程和相应的配套工程全部建成,能够发挥设计规定的全部效益,经验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,正式移交使用的建设项目。
新增生产能力(或工程效益) 指通过固定资产投资活动而增加的设计能力或工程效益,该指标是以实物形态表现的反映固定资产投资成果指标,也是考核投资经济效果的重要依据之一。
新增固定资产
指报告期内已经完成建造和购置过程,并已交付生产或使用单位的固定资产价值。该指标是表示固定资产投资成果的价值指标,也是反映建设进度,计算固定资产投资效果的重要指标。
房屋建筑面积 指房屋建筑物勒脚以上外墙外围的水平截面面积,包括房屋建筑物的有效面积和结构面积。
施工面积 指报告期内施工的全部房屋建筑面积。包括本期新开工的面积和上期开工跨入本期继续施工的房屋面积,以及上期已停建在本期恢复施工的房屋面积。本期竣工和本期施工后又停缓建的房屋,其建筑面积仍计入本期房屋施工面积中。
竣工面积 指在报告期内房屋建筑按照设计要求已全部完工,达到住人和使用条件,经验收鉴定合格(或达到竣工验收标准),正式移交使用单位的各栋房屋建筑面积的总和。
房屋建筑面积竣工率 指一定时期内房屋竣工面积占同期房屋施工面积的比率。它是从房屋建筑施工速度的角度反映投资效果的指标。
项目建成投产率 指一定时期内全部建成投产项目个数与同期施工项目个数的比率。该指标是从建设单位建设速度的角度反映投资效果的指标。
固定资产交付使用率 指一定时期新增固定资产与同期完成投资额的比率。它是反映固定资产动用速度,衡量建设过程中宏观投资效果的综合指标。
商品房销售面积 指报告期内出售商品房屋的合同总面积(即双方签署的正式买卖合同中所确定的建筑面积)。由现房销售建筑面积和期房销售建筑面积两部分组成。
商品房销售额 指报告期内出售商品房屋的合同总价款(即双方签署的正式买卖合同中所确定的合同总价)。该指标与商品房销售面积同口径,由现房销售额和期房销售额两部分组成。
经济适用房 指根据经济适用房计划安排建设的政策性住宅。经济是指房屋建筑造价和销售价格低于一般商品住宅;适用是指适合中低收入家庭购买使用。经济适用房主要是由国家统一下达投资计划,房地产公司开发,对外销售;用地一般采用行政划拨或招标投标方式,免收土地出让金;对各种经批准的收费减半征收,开发利润不超过3%;销售价格实行政府指导价。该指标可以分析房地产投资结构,反映中低收入家庭商品住宅的供求平衡情况。
Total Investment in Fixed Assets
refers to the
volume of activities in construction and purchases of fixed assets and related
fees , expressed in monetary terms . It is a comprehensive indicator which shows
the size, structure and growth of the investment in fixed assets, providing basis
for observing the progress of construction projects and evaluating results of
investment. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole country includes, by
type of ownership, the investment by the state-owned units, collective units,
individuals, joint ownership units, share-holding units, as well as investment
by businessmen from foreign countries and from
Urban
Investment in Fixed Assets refers to construction projects
involving a total planned investment of 500,000 yuan and over by enterprises of
various types of ownership, institutions, administrative units and individuals
in urban areas, investment in real estate development. In other words, all
investments that take place in county towns and urban areas, investment in
construction projects under the direct leadership and management of government
agencies at and above county levels and investments by enterprises and institutions at and above county levels are
covered in urban investment in fixed assets.
Investment in Real Estate Development
It includes the investment by the real estate development companies,
commercial buildings construction companies and other real estate development units
of various types of ownership in the construction of house buildings, such as
residential buildings, factory buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses,
resort, office buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land
development projects, such as roads, water supply, water drainage, power
supply, heating, telecommunications , land leveling and other projects of
infrastructure. It excludes the activities in simple land transactions.
Sources of Funds for Investment
in Fixed Assets
are categorized
as funds from the State budget, domestic loans, foreign investment, self-raised
funds, and others, depending on the sources of investment.
(1) Fund from the State budget consists of budgetary appropriation and loans from the State budget. More specifically, it includes, from the budget of the central government, capital construction fund (operation fund and non-operational fund), special expenses (e.g. expenses on substituting petroleum with coal), loans from repayment, discount fund, expenses on innovation and trial production of new products, expenses on urban construction, expenses on temporary construction from business departments, development fund for less developed areas, as well as local budgetary fund transferred from the central budget.
(2) Domestic loans refer to loans of various forms borrowed by investing units from banks and non-bank financial institutions during the reference period for the purpose of investment in fixed assets, including loans issued by banks from their self-owned funds and deposit, loans appropriated by higher authorities, special loans by government, loans arranged by local government from special funds, domestic reserve loan, and working loan.
(3)
Foreign investment refers to foreign funds received during the reference period
for the construction and purchase of investment in fixed assets (covering
equipment, materials and technology), including foreign borrowings (loans from
foreign governments and international financial institutions, export credit, commercial
loans from foreign banks, issue of bonds and stocks overseas), foreign direct
investment and other foreign investments. Excluded from this category is
capital in foreign exchanges owned by
(4) Self-raised funds refer to extra-budgetary funds for investment in fixed assets received during the reference period by investing units from central government ministries, local governments, enterprises and institutions, including their self-raised funds.
(5) Others refer to funds for investment in fixed assets received from sources other than those listed above, including capital raised through issuing bonds by enterprises or financial institutions, funds raised from individuals and through donations, and funds transferred from other units.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Sector
The classification of construction projects by sector is determined by
the major products or the purpose of the projects when they are put into
production or use, and by the nature of their social economic activities. In
general, one project or one enterprise or institution can only be classified into
one sector.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Jurisdiction of
Management refers to the classification of
investment by the competent authorities under which investment is made by
construction units, enterprises, institutions or administrative units.
(1) Central investment refers to the investment in
projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are
under the direct leadership and management of the State Council and of the
national commissions, ministries, agencies and State-owned large corporations.
Various ministries and departments of the State Council prepare and implement
plans for investment in fixed assets by those departments, and arrange and
ensure the supply of materials and key equipment required for the projects.
(2) Local investment refers to the investment in
projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are
under the direct leadership and management of departments under the provincial,
prefecture and county governments. Also included are projects by
foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises without competent managing
authorities.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Type of Construction
Construction projects in general can be classified, by the type of construction, into new construction, expansion,
reconstruction and technical transformation, moving and restoration.
However, investment by type of construction is not applied to investment by
real-estate development units, investment in rural areas and private investment in housing construction
in urban areas and in industrial and mining areas.
(1) New construction in general refers to construction
projects, which start from scratch, of enterprises, institutions,
administrative agencies. Construction in existing enterprises, institutions or
agencies is generally not considered as new construction. In case the size of
the existing unit is quite small, and the value of newly added fixed assets is
more than three times of the the original value, the expansion will be
considered as new construction.
(2) Expansion refers to construction of new major
production workshop, branch factory or independent production line within a
factory or in other locations, for the purpose of increasing the production
capacity (or improving efficiency) or adding new production capacity. Newly
constructed accommodation for the operation of institutions and administrative
organizations (such as newly constructed buildings for teaching in schools,
buildings for clinics or wards in hospitals, etc.) are also classified as
expansion.
Also included in expansion are investments by existing
enterprises or institutions in building major production line(s) or branch
factory(ies) along with some work on innovation, for the purpose of expanding
the production capacity of original products or producing new products.
(3)
Reconstruction and technical transformation refers to construction projects by
existing enterprises or institutions in innovation or technical transformation
of the old facilities (including auxiliary production equipment and welfare
facilities). Also considered as reconstruction is the construction of new
workshops by the existing enterprises or institutions to change the variety of
products to meet the market demand (such as the production of civil products by
defence industries), or to bring the designed production capacity into full
play through a more balanced production process on production lines. Technical
transformation refers to replacement of old technology or equipment by new
technology or equipment, in order to expand the reproduction through
improvement of technology contents in production, to improve product quality, to promote new products, to save energy, to reduce
consumption, to expand the production scale and to improve overall social-economic efficiency. Contents of technical
transformation include: updating of machinery, equipment and tools;
reforming production process by using energy or materials saving technology;
construction of factory workshops and transformation of public facilities;
improvement of working conditions and environment, etc.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Structure
By their contents and the mode of implementation, investment activities
are classified into 3 categories, i.e. construction and installation, purchase
of equipment and instrument, and other expenses.
(1) Construction and installation (work volume of
construction and installation) refers to the construction of houses and
buildings and the installation of various kinds of equipment and instruments.
They include construction of houses; equipment foundations, industrial kilns
and stoves, and metal structure work; preparation works and temporary works for
project construction, and clearing up works post project construction; pavement
of railways and roads, drilling of mines and putting up of oil pipes;
construction of water conservancy; construction of underground air-raid
shelters and construction of other special projects; value of equipment for
heating, sanitation, ventilation, lighting, gas, painting, etc. that are
covered by the budget of housing projects; laying out of various pipelines (for
steam, compressed air, petroleum, tap water and sewage) and wiring and cabling
for electric power and for communications; installation of various machinery
and equipment; testing operation for pre-testing the quality of installation
projects, and land and other development work conducted by real estate
developers for commercialized housing. The value of equipment installed is
itself not included in the value of installation projects.
(2) Purchase of equipment and instruments refers to
the total value of equipment, tools, and instruments purchased or self-produced
which come up to the cut-off point for fixed assets by the construction units
or investing enterprises or institutions. Equipment, tools and instruments
purchased or self-produced for new workshops by newly established or expanded
units are categorized as “purchase of equipment and instruments” no matter
whether they come up to the cut-off point for fixed assets.
(3) Other expenses refer to expenses arising during
the construction or purchase of fixed assets other than those mentioned above.
Projects under Construction refer to projects with
construction and installation activities undertaken in the reference period.
All projects that have construction activities undertaken during the reference
period are reported as projects under construction irrespective of the length
of construction work. The number of projects under construction can reflect the
actual size of investment in fixed as sets during a given period, and when compared
with the number of projects completed and put into use during the same period,
it demonstrates the results of investment in fixed as sets. Depending on the
nature of construction activities, projects under construction can also be
classified into projects under construction in current year, winding-up
projects in current year and stopped or suspended projects in previous years
(with preservation work in current year).
Projects Completed and Put
into Use Industrial
projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which
result in forming production capacity and have been checked and accepted while
the living and welfare facilities have been completed and can ensure normal
production and formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to
the major projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed
capacity and have been checked, accepted and formally put into production.
Newly Increased Production Capacity (or Project Efficiency) refers to the increase of designed capacity
(or project efficiency) through investment in fixed assets, which reflects the accomplishment
of investment in fixed assets in kind and serves as important basis for
evaluating the economic efficiency of investment.
Newly Increased Fixed Assets refer
to the newly increased value of fixed assets, constructed or purchased, that
have been transferred to the investors. This is an indicator that demonstrates
the results of investment in fixed assets in monetary terms, and an important
indicator to reflect the speed of construction and to calculate the efficiency
of investment.
Floor Space of Buildings Under
Construction and Completed refers to total floor space of the horizontal section of outer
walls above the plinth of the building, including the effective area and the
area occupied by the structure.
Floor Space Under
Construction
refers to total floor space of all buildings under construction during the
reference period, including floor space of newly started buildings during the
reference period, floor space of construction extended from the previous period
to the current period, and floor space of construction suspended during the
previous period and resumed in the current period. Floor space of construction
completed in the current period, and floor space of construction started and then
suspended in the current period are also included in the floor space under
construction of the current year.
Floor Space of Buildings Completed
refers to the
floor space of all buildings completed in the reference period, which have been
appraised and accepted (or come up to the designed standards) and have been
transferred to the owners for use.
Completion Rate of Floor Space
of Buildings refers
to the ratio of the floor space of buildings completed in certain period of time
to the floor space of buildings under construction in the same period; this
indicator reflects the investment result from the perspective of the speed of construction.
Rate of Construction Projects Completed and
Put into Use refers to the ratio of the number of
construction projects completed and put into use in a certain period of time to
the number of projects under construction in the same period. This reflects the
investment efficiency from the perspective of the speed of projects
construction
Rate of Construction Projects Completed and Put into Use refers to the ratio of the
number of construction projects completed and put into use in certain period of
time to the number of projects under construction in the same period. This reflects
the investment efficiency from the angle of the speed of project construction.
Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets
completed and Put into Operation refers to the ratio of the newly increased fixed assets to
the total investment made in the same period. This is a comprehensive indicator
reflecting the speed of the employment of fixed assets and the investment
efficiency at the macro-level.
Area of Commercialized Housing Sold refers to total contracted area of commercialized
housing (i.e. area of floor space as designated in the formal contracts signed
by both sides) during the reference time. It constitutes floor space of
completed housing and floor space of future housing.
Value of Commercialized Housing Sold
refers to the total contracted value (i.e. value of sales/purchase for
selling/purchase of commercialized housing as designated in the contract signed
by both sides) during the reference time. This indicator has the same coverage
as the area of commercialized housing sold, which constitutes floor space of
completed housing and floor space of housing yet to be completed.