主要统计指标解释
行政区划 指国家对行政区域的划分。根据宪法规定,我国的行政区域划分如下:(1)全国分为省、自治区、直辖市;(2)省、自治区分为自治州、县、自治县、市;(3)自治州分为县、自治县、市;(4)县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、镇;(5)直辖市和较大的市分为区、县;(6)国家在必要时设立的特别行政区。
自然资源 指人类可以直接从自然界获得,并用于生产和生活的物质资源。自然资源一般可以分成可再生资源和非再生资源两大类。可再生资源指在较短时间内可以再生、可以循环利用的资源,包括土地资源、水资源、气候资源、生物资源和海洋资源等。非再生资源指在使用后不能再生的资源,包括矿产资源和地热能源。
土地资源
土地指陆地的表层部分,它主要由岩石、岩石的风化物和土壤构成。土地资源按利用类型可以分为农用地、建筑用地和未利用地。农用地包括耕地、园地、林地、牧草地和水面。建筑用地包括居民点及工矿用地、交通用地和水利设施用地。未利用地指农用地和建筑用地以外的土地,包括滩涂、荒漠、戈壁、冰川和石山等。
林业用地面积 指生长乔木、竹类、灌木、沿海红树林等林木的土地面积,包括有林地、灌木林、疏林地、未成林造林地、迹地、苗圃等。
耕地面积 指经过开垦用以种植农作物并经常进行耕耘的土地面积。包括种有作物的土地面积、休闲地、新开荒地和抛荒未满三年的土地面积。
草地面积 指牧区和农区用于放牧牲畜或割草,植被盖度在5%以上的草原、草坡、草山等面积。包括天然的和人工种植或改良的草地面积。
森林面积 指由乔木树种构成,郁闭度在0.2以上(含0.2)的林地或冠幅宽度10米以上的林带的面积,即有林地面积。森林面积包括天然起源和人工起源的针叶林面积、阔叶林面积、针阔混交林面积和竹林面积,不包括灌木林地面积和疏林地面积。
森林覆盖率 指一个国家或地区森林面积占土地总面积之比,是反映森林资源的丰富程度和生态平衡状况的重要指标。在计算森林覆盖率时,森林面积包括郁闭度0.2以上的乔木林地面积和竹林地面积,国家特别规定的灌木林地面积、农田林网以及四旁(村旁、路旁、水旁、宅旁)林木的覆盖面积。计算公式为:
森林覆盖率(%)=(森林面积/土地总面积)×100%
活立木总蓄积量 指一定范围内土地上全部树木蓄积的总量,包括森林蓄积、疏林蓄积、散生木蓄积和四旁树蓄积。
森林蓄积量 指一定森林面积上存在着的林木树干部分的总材积,是反映一个国家或地区森林资源总规模和水平的基本指标之一,也是反映森林资源的丰富程度、衡量森林生态环境优劣的重要依据。
内陆水域总面积
指江、河、湖泊、池塘、塘堰、水库等各种流水或蓄水的水面占地面积。
矿产资源
矿产指由地质作用形成,富集于地壳中或出露于地表达到工农业利用要求的有用矿物。矿产是一种重要的自然资源,是社会发展的重要物质基础。
矿产基础储量 基础储量是查明矿产资源的一部分。它能满足现行采矿和生产所需的指标要求,是控制的、探明的并通过可行性或预可行性研究认为属于经济的、边界经济的部分,用未扣除设计、采矿损失的数量表表示。
Explanatory Notes on Main
Statistical Indicators
Administrative Division refers to the division of administrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as: 1) The whole
country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Natural Resources refer to material resources that could be
obtained from the nature by human being and used for production and living.
Natural resources in general can be classified as renewable resources and
non-renewable resources. Renewable resources refer to resources that could be
renewed and recycled in a relatively short period of time, including land
resource, water resource, climate resource, biology resource and marine resource.
Non-renewable resources include resources that could not be renewed, such as
minerals and geothermal resource.
Area
of Afforested Land refer to land for
trees bamboo, bushes and mangrove, including forest-cover land, bush-covered land,
sparse forest land, land planned for afforestation and nurseries of young
trees.
Area of Cultivated Land refers to area of land reclaimed for the
regular cultivation of various farm crops, including crop-cover land, fallow,
newly reclaimed land and land laid idle for less than 3 years.
Area of Grassland refers to areas of grassland, grass-slopes
and grass-covered hills with a vegetation-covering rate of over 5% that are used
for animal husbandry or harvesting of grass. It includes natural, cultivated
and improved grassland areas.
Forest Area refers to the
area of afforested land where trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above
0.2, including land of natural woods and planted woods, but excluding bush land
and thin forest land.
Forest Coverage Rate refers
to the ratio of area of afforested land to total land area. This indicator shows
the forest resources and afforestation progress of a country or a region. According
to regulations of the government, in addition to afforested land, the area of
bush forest, the area of forest land inside farm land and the area of trees
planted by the side of farm houses and along the roads, rivers and fields
should also be included in the area of afforested land in the calculation of
the forest coverage-rate. The formula for calculating forest coverage rate is as
follows:
Forestry
coverage Rate (%) = (Area of Afforested Land/Area of Total
Land)×100%
Total Standing Stock Volume refers
to the total stock volume of trees growing in land, including trees in forest, trees
in sparse forest, scattered trees and trees planted by the side of farm houses
and along the roads, rivers and fields.
Stock Volume of Forest refers to total stock volume of wood growing in forest area, which shows the total size and level of forest resources of a country or a region. It is also an important indicator illustrating the richness of forest resource and the status of forest ecological environment.
Inland Water Area refers
to water area of rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoir, etc.
Mineral
Resources refer to the
actual mineral reserves, which equal to the proven mineral reserves (including industrial
reserves and prospective reserves) minus extracted parts and underground losses.
Ensured
Mineral Basic reserves are part of total identified mineral
resources, including indicated and measured, economic and marginal economic, by
feasibility assessment or pre-feasibility study, mineral resources, which are
not taken off the loss of designing and mining. Basic reserves can meet the
index of present mining and production demand.