主要统计指标解释
财政收入 指国家财政参与社会产品分配所取得的收入,是实现国家职能的财力保证。财政收入所包括的内容主要有:
(1)各项税收:包括增值税、营业税、消费税、土地增值税、城市维护建设税、资源税、城市土地使用税、印花税、个人所得税、企业所得税、关税、证券交易印花税、车辆购置税、农牧业税和耕地占用税等。
(2)专项收入:包括排污费收入、城市水资源费收入、矿产资源补偿收入、教育费附加收入等。
(3)其他收入:包括利息收入、基本建设贷款归还收入、基本建设收入、捐赠收入等。
(4)国有企业亏损补贴:这项为负收入,冲减财政收入。
财政支出 国家财政将筹集起来的资金进行分配使用,以满足经济建设和各项事业的需要。主要包括:
(1)基本建设支出;(2)企业挖潜改造资金;(3)地质勘探费用;(4)科技三项费用;(5)支援农村生产支出;(6)农林水利气象等部门的事业费用;(7)工业交通商业等部门的事业费;(8)文教科学卫生事业费;(9)抚恤和社会福利救济费;(10)行政事业单位离退休支出;(11)社会保障补助支出;(12)国防支出;(13)行政管理费;(14)政策性补贴支出;(15)债务利息支出。
中央财政收入和地方财政收入 指按现行分税制财政体制划分的中央本级收入和地方本级收入。1994年实行分税制财政体制以后,属于中央财政的收入包括关税、海关代征消费税和增值税,消费税,中央企业所得税,地方银行和外资银行及非银行金融企业所得税,铁道部门、银行总行、各保险总公司等集中缴纳的营业税、利润和城市维护建设税、车辆购置税、船舶吨税,增值税的75%部分,证券交易税(印花税)94%部分,个人所得税中的利息所得税,利息所得税之外的个人所得税中央分享的部分,海洋石油资源税。属于地方财政的收入包括营业税,地方企业所得税,利息所得税之外的个人所得税地方分享的部分,城镇土地使用税,固定资产投资方向调节税,城镇维护建设税,房产税,车船使用税,印花税,屠宰税,农牧业税,农业特产税,耕地占用税,契税,土地增值税、国有土地有偿使用收入,增值税25%部分,证券交易税(印花税)6%部分和除海洋石油资源税以外的其他资源税。
中央财政支出和地方财政支出 指根据政府在经济和社会活动中的不同职责,划分中央和地方政府的责权,按照政府的责权划分确定的支出。中央财政支出包括国防支出,武装警察部队支出,中央级行政管理费和各项事业费,重点建设支出以及中央政府调整国民经济结构、协调地区发展、实施宏观调控的支出。地方财政支出主要包括地方行政管理和各项事业费,地方统筹的基本建设、技术改造支出,支援农村生产支出,城市维护和建设经费,价格补贴支出等。
商品零售价格指数 是反映一定时期内城乡商品零售价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。商品零售物价的变动直接影响到城乡居民的生活支出和国家的财政收入,影响居民购买力和市场供需平衡,影响到消费与积累的比例关系。因此,该指数可以从一个侧面对上述经济活动进行观察和分析。
居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内城乡居民所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数,是对城市居民消费价格指数和农村居民消费价格指数进行综合汇总计算的结果。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务价格变动对城乡居民实际生活费支出的影响程度。
城市居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内城市居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对职工货币工资的影响,作为研究职工生活和确定工资政策的依据。
农村居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内农村居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察农村消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对农村居民生活消费支出的影响,直接反映农民生活水平的实际变化情况,为分析和研究农村居民生活问题提供依据。
工业品出厂价格指数 是反映一定时期内全部工业产品出厂价格总水平的变动趋势和程度的相对数,包括工业企业售给本企业以外所有单位的各种产品和直接售给居民用于生活消费的产品。该指数可以能观察出厂价格变动对工业总产值及增加值的影响。
Government Revenue refers to the revenue of the government finance by means of participating in the distribution of the social products, which is the financial resources for ensuring the government to function. The contents of government revenue include the following main items:
(1) Various tax revenues, including value added tax, business tax, consumption tax, land value added tax, tax on city maintenance and construction, resources tax, tax on use of urban land, personal income tax, enterprise income tax, tariff, stamp tax on security transactions, tax on purchase of motor vehicles, tax on agriculture and animal husbandry and tax on occupancy of cultivated land, etc.
(2) Special revenues, including revenues from the fee on sewage treatment, fee on urban water resources, fee for the compensation of mineral resources and extra-charges for education, etc.
(3) Other revenues, including revenue from interest, revenue from the repayment of capital construction loan, revenue from capital construction projects, and donations and grants.
(4) Subsidies for the losses of the state-owned enterprises. This is an item of negative revenue, used to eat up part of the government revenue.
Government Expenditure refers to the distribution and use of the funds the government finance has raised, so as to meet the needs of economic construction and various causes. It includes the following main items:
(1) Expenditure for capital construction. (2) Innovation funds of the enterprises. (3) Geological prospecting expenses. (4) Expenditures for science and technology promotion. (5) Expenditure for supporting rural production. (6) Operating expenses of the departments of farming, forestry, water conservancy and meteorology etc. (7) Operating expenses of the departments of industry, transport and commerce. (8) Operating expenses of the departments of culture, education, science and public health. (9) Pension for the disabled or for the families of the bereaved and relief funds for social welfare. (10) Expenditure on retirees. (11) Expenses on subsidies to social security system. (12) Expenditures for national defenses. (13) Administrative expenses. (14) Expenditure on policy-related subsidies. (15) Expenditure on interest of debts.
Revenue of the Central Government and Revenue of the Local Governments refers to the revenue of the central government and that of the local governments as defined by the decentralized taxation system starting from 1994. In accordance with this system, the revenue of the central government includes tariff, consumption tax and value added tax levied by the customs, consumption tax, income tax of the enterprises subordinate to the central government, income taxes of the local banks, foreign funded banks and non-bank financial institutions, business tax and profits of railways, head offices of banks , head office of insurance company , which are handed over to the government in a centralized way, tax on city maintenance and construction, tax on purchasing motor vehicles, tonnage tax of ships , 75% of the value added tax, 94% of the tax on stock dealing (stamp tax), interest income tax in the personal income tax, proportion of the personal income tax (other that interest income tax) to be shared by the central government, and tax on ocean petroleum resources. The revenue of the local governments includes business tax, income tax of the enterprises subordinate to the local government, proportion of the personal income tax (other that interest income tax) to be shared by the central government, tax on the use of urban land, tax on the adjustment of the investment in fixed assets, tax on town maintenance and construction, tax on real estates, tax on the use of vehicles and ships, stamp tax, slaughter tax, tax on agriculture and animal husbandry, tax on special agricultural products, tax on the occupancy of cultivated land, contract tax, value-added tax on land, income from charges on use of state-owned land, 25% of the value added tax, 6% of the tax on stock dealing (stamp tax) and tax on resources other than the ocean petroleum resources.
Expenditure of the Central Government and Expenditure of the Local Governments according to the different functions of the central government and local governments in the economic and social activities, the rights of affairs administration are classified between the central government and local governments; and the classification of the expenditure between the central government and local governments are made on the basis of the classification of the rights of affairs administration between them. The expenditure of the central government includes the expenditure for national defense, expenditure for armed police forces, the administrative expenses and various operating expenses at the level of central government, expenditure for key projects and the expenditure of the central government for adjusting the national economic structure, coordinating the development among different regions and exercising the macro-economic regulation and control. The expenditure of the local governments includes mainly the administrative expenses and various operating expenses at the level of local governments, the expenditure for capital construction and technological innovation with the funds raised by the local government, expenditure for supporting rural production, expenditure for city maintenance and construction and expenditure for price subsidies, etc.
Retail Price Index reflects the trend and degree of change in retail prices of commodities during a given period. The change in retail prices of commodities directly affect the living expenditure of urban and rural residents, government revenue, purchasing power of residents and the equilibrium of market supply and demand, and the ratio of consumption to accumulation. Therefore, the retail price indices are useful to analyze the changes of the above economic activities.
Consumer Price Index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by urban and rural residents, and is a composite indices derived from the urban consumer price indices and the rural consumer price indices. Consumer price indices can be used to analyze the impact of consumer price change on actual expenditure for living cost of urban and rural residents.
Urban Consumer Price Index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by urban households during a given period. It can be used to observe and analyze the impact of price changes in consumer goods and services on wages (in monetary terms) of staff and workers, and provide basis for policy-making concerning the living cost and wages of staff and workers.
Rural Consumer Price Index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by rural households during a given period. It can be used to observe the impact of change in retail prices of consumer goods and service prices in rural areas on living expenditure of rural households, and to show the changes in the living standard of peasants. It provides basis for analysis and research on condition of life in rural areas.
Ex-factory Price Index of Industrial Products reflects the trend and degree of changes in general ex-factory prices of all industrial products during a given period, including sales of industrial products by an industrial enterprise to all units outside the enterprise, as well as sales of consumer goods to residents. It can be used to analyze the impact of ex-factory prices on gross output value and value-added of the industrial sector.