主要统计指标解释
全社会固定资产投资 以货币形式表现的在一定时期内全社会建造和购置固定资产的工作量以及与此有关的费用的总称。它是反映固定资产投资规模、结构和发展速度的综合性指标,又是观察工程进度和考核投资效果的重要依据。全社会固定资产投资按登记注册类型可分为国有、集体、个体、联营、股份制、外商、港澳台商、其他等。按管理渠道,可分为基本建设、更新改造、房地产开发投资和其他固定资产投资四个部分。
基本建设投资 基本建设指企业、事业、行政单位以扩大生产能力(或新增工程效益)为主要目的的新建、扩建工程及有关工作。其综合范围为总投资50万元以上(含50万元,下同)的基本建设项目。具体包括(1)列入中央和各级地方本年基本建设计划的建设项目,以及虽未列入本年基本建设计划,但使用以前年度基建计划内结转投资(包括利用基建库存设备材料)在本年继续施工的建设项目;(2)本年基本建设计划内投资与更新改造计划内投资结合安排的新建项目和新增生产能力(或工程效益)达到大中型项目标准的扩建项目,以及为改变生产力布局而进行的全厂性迁建项目;(3)国有经济中既未列入基建计划,也未列入更新改造计划的总投资在50万元以上的新建、扩建、恢复项目和为改变生产力布局而进行的全厂性迁建项目,以及行政、事业单位增建业务用房和行政单位增建生活福利设施的项目。
更新改造投资 更新改造一般指企业、事业单位对原有设施进行技术改造(包括固定资产更新),以及相应配套的辅助性生产、生活福利设施等工程和有关工作。其综合范围为总投资50万元以上的更新改造单位(或项目)。具体包括:(1)列入中央和各级地方本年更新改造计划的投资单位(或项目)以及虽未列入本年更新改造计划,但使用上年更新改造计划内结转的投资在本年继续施工的单位(或项目);(2)本年更新改造计划内投资与基本建设计划内投资结合安排的对企、事业单位原有设施进行技术改造或更新的项目和增建主要生产车间、分厂等其新增生产能力(或工程效益)未达到大中型项目标准的项目,以及由于城市环境保护和安全生产的需要而进行的迁建工程;(3)国有经济中既未列入基建计划也未列入更新改造计划,总投资在50万元以上的属于改建或更新改造性质的项目,以及由于城市环境保护和安全生产的需要而进行的迁建工程。
房地产开发投资 指各种登记注册类型的房地产开发公司、商品房建设公司及其他房地产开发法人单位和附属于其他法人单位实际从事房地产开发或经营活动的单位统一开发的包括统代建、拆迁还建的住宅、厂房、仓库、饭店、宾馆、度假村、写字楼、办公楼等房屋建筑物和配套的服务设施,土地开发工程(如道路、给水、排水、供电、供热、通讯、平整场地等基础设施工程)的投资;不包括单纯的土地交易活动。
其他固定资产投资 指全社会固定资产投资中未列入基本建设、更新改造和房地产开发投资的总投资在50万元以上的城镇范围内建造和购置固定资产的活动,以及城镇私人建房和农村企业、事业、行政单位和农村个人固定资产投资活动。具体包括:
(1)国有单位未纳入基本建设计划和更新改造计划管理,计划总投资(或实际需要总投资)在50万元以上的下列工程:①用油田维护费和石油开发基金进行的油田维护和开发工程;②煤炭、铁矿、森工等采掘采伐业用维简费进行的开拓延伸工程;③交通部门用公路养路费对原有公路、桥梁进行改建的工程;④商业部门用简易建筑费建造的仓库工程。
(2)城镇集体固定资产投资:指所有隶属直辖市、省辖市、县级市和县城所在地(城关镇)区域范围内的集体经济单位(乡镇企业局管理的除外)建造和购置固定资产其计划总投资(或实际需要总投资)在50万元以上未列入基本建设和更新改造计划的单位(项目)投资。
(3)除上述以外的其他各种登记注册类型的企、事业单位(包括城镇私营企、事业单位和个体户)建造和购置固定资产总投资在50万元以上的、未列入基本建设计划和更新改造计划的单位(项目)。其中个体经营户只统计50万元以上非建房投资。
(4)城镇和工矿区私人建房投资:包括市、县城、城关镇、工矿区所辖范围内的全部私人建房,不论其房主是否系本地的常住户口均应包括。
(5)农村投资:包括农村区域范围内进行固定资产投资活动的企业、事业、行政单位及农村个人投资。
固定资产投资按建设性质分 建设项目的性质一般分为新建、扩建、改建、迁建、恢复。基本建设按建设项目划分建设性质,更新改造、国有单位其他固定资产投资及城镇集体投资等按整个企业、事业单位的建设情况确定建设性质,房地产开发单位、农村投资、城镇工矿区私人建房等投资不划分建设性质。
(1)新建:一般是指从无到有、“平地起家”新开始建设的企业、事业、行政单位或独立的工程。现有企业、事业、行政单位一般不属于新建。但如有的单位原有基础很小,经过建设后新增加的固定资产价值超过该企、事业、行政单位原有固定资产价值(原值)三倍以上的也算新建。
(2)扩建:一般是指在厂内或其他地点,为扩大原有产品的生产能力(或效益)或增加新的产品生产能力,而增建主要的生产车间(或主要工程)、分厂、独立的生产线。行政、事业单位在原单位增建业务用房(如学校增建教学用房、医院增建门诊部、病房等)也作为扩建。
现有企、事业单位为扩大原有主要产品生产能力或增加新的产品生产能力,增建一个或几个主要生产车间(或主要工程)、分厂,同时进行一些更新改造工程的,也应作为扩建。
(3)改建:指对原有设施进行技术改造或更新(包括相应配套的辅助性生产、生活福利设施),没有增建主要生产车间、分厂等。现有企、事业单位为适应市场变化的需要,而改变企业的主要产品种类(如军工企业转产民品等),或原有产品生产作业线由于各工序(车间)之间能力不平衡,为填平补齐充分发挥原有生产能力而增建不增加本企业主要产品设计能力的车间,也应作为改建。
固定资产投资按构成分 固定资产投资活动按其工作内容和实现方式分为建筑安装工程,设备、工具、器具购置,其他费用三个部分。
(1)建筑安装工程(建筑安装工作量):指各种房屋、建筑物的建造工程和各种设备、装置的安装工程。包括各种房屋建造工程,各种用途设备基础和各种工业窑炉的砌筑工程及金属结构工程;为施工而进行的各种准备工作和临时工程以及完工后的清理工作等;铁路、道路的铺设,矿井的开凿及石油管道的架设等;水利工程;防空地下建筑等特殊工程;列入房屋工程预算内的暖气、卫生、通风、照明、煤气等设备的价值及装设油饰工程; 列入建筑工程预算内的各种管道(蒸汽、压缩空气、石油、给排水等管道)、电力、电讯电缆导线等的敷设工程;以及各种机械设备的安装工程;为测定安装工程质量,对设备进行的试运工作;房地产开发单位进行的商品房屋开发建设工程、土地开发工程。在安装工程中,不包括被安装设备本身的价值。
(2)设备、工具、器具购置:指建设单位或企、事业单位购置或自制的,达到固定资产标准的设备、工具、器具的价值。新建单位及扩建单位的新建车间,按照设计和计划要求购置或自制的全部设备、工具、器具,不论是否达到固定资产标准均计入“设备、工具、器具购置”中。
(3)其他费用:指在固定资产建造和购置过程中发生的,除建筑安装工程和设备、工具、器具购置以外的各种应分摊计入固定资产的费用。
施工项目 指报告期内进行过建筑或安装工程施工活动的项目。凡是报告期内施过工的建设项目,不论施工时间长短,均作为施工项目统计。施工项目个数可以反映一定时期固定资产投资的实际规模,与同期建成投产的建设项目个数相比,可以从建设速度的角度反映固定资产投资的效果。根据建设项目施工活动的不同性质,施工项目又分为: 本年正式施工项目、本年收尾项目和以前年度全部停缓建项目。
全部建成投产项目 工业项目是指设计文件规定形成生产能力的主体工程及其相应配套的辅助设施全部建成,经负荷试运转,证明具备生产设计规定合格产品的条件,并经过验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,与生产性工程配套的生活福利设施可以满足近期正常生产的需要,正式移交生产的建设项目。非工业项目是指设计文件规定的主体工程和相应的配套工程全部建成,能够发挥设计规定的全部效益,经验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,正式移交使用的建设项目。
新增生产能力(或工程效益) 指通过固定资产投资活动而增加的设计能力或工程效益,它是以实物形态表现的反映固定资产投资成果指标,也是考核投资经济效果的重要依据之一。
新增固定资产 指报告期内已经完成建造和购置过程,并已交付生产或使用单位的固定资产价值。该指标是表示固定资产投资成果的价值指标,也是反映建设进度,计算固定资产投资效果的重要指标。
房屋建筑面积 指从房屋建筑物勒脚以上外墙外围的水平截面面积,包括房屋建筑物的有效面积和结构面积。
施工面积 指报告期内施工的全部房屋建筑面积。包括本期新开工的面积和上期开工跨入本期继续施工的房屋面积,以及上期已停建在本期恢复施工的房屋面积。本期竣工和本期施工后又停缓建的房屋,其建筑面积仍计入本期房屋施工面积中。
竣工面积 指在报告期内房屋建筑按照设计要求已全部完工,达到住人和使用条件,经验收鉴定合格(或达到竣工验收标准),正式移交使用单位的各栋房屋建筑面积的总和。
房屋建筑面积竣工率 指一定时期内房屋竣工面积占同期房屋施工面积的比率。它是从房屋建筑施工速度的角度反映投资效果的指标。
固定资产交付使用率 指一定时期新增固定资产与同期完成投资额的比率。它是反映固定资产动用速度,衡量建设过程中宏观投资效果的综合指标。
Total Investment in Fixed Assets refers to the volume of activities in construction and purchases of fixed assets and related fees , expressed in monetary terms . It is a comprehensive indicator which shows the size, structure and growth of the investment in fixed assets, providing basis for observing the progress of construction projects and evaluating results of investment. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole country includes, by type of ownership, the investment by the state-owned units, collective units, individuals, joint ownership units, share-holding units, as well as investment by businessmen from foreign countries and from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and by other units. According to China's current management system, the investment in fixed assets is classified into the following four parts: investment in capital construction, investment in innovation, investment in real estates development and other investment in fixed assets.
Investment in Capital Construction Capital construction refers to the new construction projects or extension projects and the related activities of the enterprises, institutions or administrative units mainly for the purpose of expanding production capacity (or improving project efficiency), covering only projects each with a total investment of 500,000 RMB yuan and over. It includes: (1) projects listed in thecapital construction plan of the current year of the central government and the local governments at various levels as well as the projects, though not listed in the capital construction plan of the current year, but continued to be constructed in this year, using the investment listed in the plan of capital construction of previous years and carried forward to this year (also using the equipment and materials kept in stock of the capital construction); (2) new construction projects arranged both in the plan of capital construction and the plan of innovation; extension projects with the newly increased production capacity (or project efficiency) up to the standard of a large and medium-sized project; and the projects of moving the whole factory to a new site so as to improve the distribution of productive forces ; (3) new construction projects, extension projects or restoration projects with the total investment of 500,000 RMB yuan and over by the state-owned units, though listed neither in the plan of capital construction nor in the plan of innovation; the projects in the state-owned units of moving the whole factory to a new site so as to improve the distribution of productive forces; and the projects of building additional business houses by the administrative units and institutions and building welfare facilities by the administrative units..
Investment in Innovation Innovation refers in general to the technological innovation of the original facilities (including renewal of fixed assets) by the enterprises and institutions as well as the corresponding supplementary projects for production or welfare facilities and the related activities, covering only projects each with a total investment of 500,000 RMB yuan and over. It includes: (1) projects listed in the innovation plan of the current year of the central government and the local governments at various levels as well as the projects, though not listed in the innovation plan of the current year, but continued to be constructed in this year, using the investment listed in the plan of innovation of previous years and carried forward to this year; (2) projects of technological innovation or renewal of the original facilities, arranged both in the plan of innovation and in the plan of capital construction; extension projects (main workshops or a branch of the factory) with the newly increased production capacity (or project efficiency) not up to the standard of a large and medium-sized project; and the projects of moving the whole factory to a new site so as to meet the requirements of urban environmental protection or safe production; (3) projects of reconstruction or technological innovation with the total investment of 500,000 RMB yuan and over by the state-owned units, though listed neither in the plan of capital construction nor in the plan of innovation; the projects in the state-owned units of moving the whole factory to a new site so as to meet the requirements of urban environmental protection or safe production.
Investment in Real Estate Development It includes the investment by the real estate development companies, commercial buildings construction companies and other real estate development units of various types of ownership in the construction of house buildings, such as residential buildings, factory buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses, resort, office buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land development projects, such as roads, water supply, water drainage, power supply, heating, telecommunications , land leveling and other projects of infrastructure. It excludes the activities in simple land transactions.
Other Investment in Fixed Assets refers to the construction and purchases of fixed assets with an investment of over 500,000 yuan which are not listed in the investment in capital construction, investment in innovation and investment in real estate development, as well as urban private housing projects and investment in fixed assets by enterprises, institutions and individuals in rural areas. It includes:
1) The following projects of the state-owned units with the total planned (or actually needed) investment of over 500,000 yuan, which are not included in the plan of capital construction and the plan of innovation: (1) projects of oil fields maintenance and exploitation with the oil fields maintenance funds and petroleum development funds; (2) opening and extending projects with the maintenance funds in coal, ore and other mining enterprises and logging enterprises; (3) project of reconstruction of the original highways and bridges with the highway maintenance funds in the department of communication; (4) projects of construction of warehouses with the funds of simple construction in the commercial department.
2) The investment in fixed assets by urban collective units: refer to projects of construction and purchases of fixed assets with the planned total investment of 500,000 yuan and over by all collective units in areas under the jurisdiction of cities and county towns (excluding investment by collective units under township enterprise administration offices).
3) The projects of const ruction and purchases of fixed assets by the enterprises, institutions (including urban private enterprises or institutions) or individuals other than those mentioned above with total investment of 500,000 yuan and over, which are not included in the plan of capital construction and the plan of innovation. For individual investment, only the investment in non-housing projects is to be included.
4) The private investment in housing construction in the urban areas and in industrial and mining areas: including all private housing construction under the jurisdiction of cities, county towns and industrial and mining areas, no matter whether the owner of the house is registered as the permanent resident in the locality or not.
5) The investment in rural areas: including investment in fixed assets by enterprises, institutions and individuals in the rural areas.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Type of Construction The construction projects in general can be classified, by the type of construction, into new construction, expansion, reconstruction, moving and restoration. However, investment by type of construction is not applied to investment by real-estate development units, investment in rural areas and investment in housing by urban individuals. In capital construction, the type of construction is determined by the nature of the project. In investment in innovation, in other investment by state-owned units and investment by collective-owned units, the type of construction is determined by the condition of the whole enterprise or institutions.
(1) New construction in general refers to newly constructed enterprises, institutions, administrative agencies or independent projects from scratch. Construction in the existing enterprises, institutions or agencies is not considered as new construction. In case the assets of the existing unit is quite small, and the value of newly added fixed assets exceeds the original value of assets by three times, the expansion will be considered as new construction.
(2) Expansion refers to construction of new major production workshop, branch factory or independent production line within a factory or in other locations, for the purpose of increasing the production capacity (or improving efficiency) of the original products. Newly constructed houses for the operation of institutions and administrative organizations (such as the newly constructed buildings for teaching in schools, buildings for clinics or wards in hospitals, etc.) are also classified as expansion. Also included in the expansion are investments by existing enterprises or institutions in building major production line(s) or branch factory (ies) along with some work on innovation, for the purpose of expending the production capacity of original products or producing new products.
(3) Reconstruction refers to innovation or technical transformation of the existing facilities (including auxiliary production equipment and welfare facilities), without building major new workshops or branch factories, also considered as reconstruction is the construction of new workshops by the existing enterprises or institutions for improving the existing production capacity (improving or changing the variety of products to meet the market demand), rather than increasing the designed capacity of the main products.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Structure by their contents, investment activities are classified into 3 categories, i.e. construction and installation, purchase of equipment and instrument, and other expenses.
(1) Construction and installation (work volume of construction and installation) refers to the construction of various houses and buildings and installation of various kinds of equipment and instruments. They include construction of various houses; equipment foundations, industrial kilns and stoves, and metal structure work; preparation works for project construction, and clearing up works post project construction; pavement of railways and roads, drilling of mines and putting up of oil pipes; construction of projects of water conservancy; construction of underground air-raid shelters and construction of other special projects; value of equipment for heating, sanitation, ventilation, lighting, gas, painting, etc. that are covered by the budget of housing projects; laying out of various pipelines (for steam, compressed air, petroleum, tap water and sewage) and lines for electric power and for communications; installation of various machinery equipment, testing operation for pre-testing the quality of installation projects, and land and other development work conducted by real estate developers for commercial housing. The value of equipment installed is not included in the value of installation projects.
(2) Purchase of equipment and instruments refers to the total value of equipment, tools, and instruments purchased or self-produced which come up to standards for fixed assets by the construction units or investing enterprises or institutions. Equipment, tools and instruments purchased or self-produced for new workshops by newly established or expanded units are categorized as "purchase of equipment and instrument s" no matter whether they come up to the standards for fixed assets.
(3) Other expenses refer to expenses occurring during the construction or purchase of fixed assets other than those mentioned above.
Projects under Construction refer to projects with construction and installation activities undertaken in the reference period. All projects that have construction activities undertaken during the reference period are reported as projects under construction irrespective of the length of construction work. The number of projects under construction can reflect the actual size of investment in fixed as sets during a given period, and when compared with the number of projects completed and put into use during the same period, it demonstrates the results of investment in fixed as sets. Depending on the nature of construction activities, projects under construction can also be classified into projects under construction in current year, winding-up projects in current year and stopped or suspended projects in previous years (with preservation work in current year).
Projects Completed and Put into Use Industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which result in forming production capacity and have been checked and accepted while the living and welfare facilities have been completed and can ensure normal production and formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed capacity and have been checked, accepted and formally put into production.
Newly Increased Production Capacity (or Project Efficiency) refers to the increase of designed capacity (or project efficiency) through investment in fixed assets, which reflects the accomplishment of investment in fixed assets in kind and serves as important basis for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment.
Newly Increased Fixed Assets refer to the newly increased value of fixed assets, constructed or purchased, that have been transferred to the investors. This is an indicator that demonstrates the results of investment in fixed assets in monetary terms, and an important indicator to reflect the speed of construction and to calculate the efficiency of investment.
Floor Space of Buildings Under Construction and Completed refers to total floor space of the horizontal section of outer walls above the plinth of the building, including the effective area and the area occupied by the structure.
Floor Space Under Construction refers to total floor space of all buildings under construction during the reference period, including floor space of newly started buildings during the reference period, floor space of construction extended from the previous period to the current period, and floor space of construction suspended during the previous period and resumed in the current period. Floor space of construction completed in the current period, and floor space of construction started and then suspended in the current period are also included in the floor space under construction of the current year.
Floor Space of Buildings Completed refers to the floor space of all buildings completed in the reference period, which have been appraised and accepted (or come up to the designed standards) and have been transferred to the owners for use.
Completion Rate of Floor Space of Buildings refers to the ratio of the floor space of buildings completed in certain period of time to the floor space of buildings under construction in the same period; this indicator reflects the investment result from the perspective of the speed of construction.
Rate of Construction Projects Completed and Put into Use refers to the ratio of the number of construction projects completed and put into use in certain period of time to the number of projects under construction in the same period. This reflects the investment efficiency from the angle of the speed of project construction.
Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets completed and Put into Operation refers to the ratio of the newly increased fixed assets to the total investment made in the same period. This is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the speed of the employment of fixed assets and the investment efficiency at the macro-level.